FOUNDER Biography
Our
Founder, General Choi Hong Hi
General Choi Hong Hi
was born on November 9th, 1918, in the Hwa Dae Myong Chun District of Korea.
At the age of twelve he
started to study Taek Kyon, an ancient Korean method of fighting with the feet.
Later, when he was studying in Japan, he met a Karate teacher who helped him
earn his first degree Black Belt in less than two years. He then intensified
his training, striving to earn his second degree. Around the same time, he
started teaching.
Conscripted into the
Japanese army during World War II, he was posted to Pyongyang where he was
imprisoned. Wanting to maintain his good physical and mental health during his
imprisonment, he practiced karate, alone at first, then by teaching it to the
staff of the prison and the other prisoners.
Becoming an officer in
the new Korean Army after the end of the war, he continued to teach his martial
art to his soldiers as well as to American soldiers serving in Korea.
His beliefs and his
vision of a different approach to teaching martial arts led General Choi to
combine elements of Taek Kyon and Karate techniques to develop a modern martial
art. He called it Tae Kwon Do, which means "the way of the feet and the
hands", and this name was officially adopted on April 11th, 1955.
In 1959, General Choi
was named President of the Korean Taekwon-Do Association. Seven years later, on
March 22nd,1966, he created the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF). As
the Founder of Taekwon-Do and President of the ITF, he had the ability to share
his art with students everywhere. Today, Taekwon-Do training is available
around the world.
After a life dedicated
to the development of Taekwon-Do, a modern martial art based on traditional
values, philosophy, and training, General Choi, Founder of Taekwon-Do and
President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation, died of cancer on June
15th, 2002, in the country of his birth.
Tribute to General Choi
General Choi Hong Hi
Father of Taekwon-Do
Born 1918, Kilju
Died 2002, Pyongyang
Father of Taekwon-Do
Born 1918, Kilju
Died 2002, Pyongyang
General Choi Hong Hi,
Founder and President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation died on June
15th, 2002, in Pyongyang, People’s Democratic Republic of Korea.
On April 11th, 1955, a
special board of masters, historians, and other important members of Korean
society held a meeting. Their purpose was to coordinate the various
"kwans" (schools) and select a name for the newly-organized Korean
style martial art. After reviewing several different names for the new style,
they chose the name submitted by General Choi Hong Hi. That name was "Tae
Kwon Do".
General Choi is
recognized around the world as the Father of Taekwon-Do and the Founder of the
International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) and he created the ITF system that we
know today
TRANSLATE MALAY
Pengasas kami, Jeneral
Choi Hong Hi
Choi Hong Hi telah
dilahirkan pada 9 November, 1918, di Daerah Chun Hwa Dae Myong Korea.
Pada usia dua belas dia
mula belajar Taek Kyon, satu kaedah kuno Korea berjuang dengan kaki. Kemudian,
apabila dia telah belajar di Jepun, dia bertemu dengan seorang guru Karate yang
membantu beliau mendapat ijazah pertama Black Belt dalam masa kurang daripada
dua tahun. Beliau kemudian dipergiatkan latihannya, berusaha untuk mendapatkan
ijazah kedua. Pada masa yang sama, beliau mula mengajar.
Dikerah menjadi tentera
Jepun semasa Perang Dunia II, beliau ditugaskan ke Pyongyang di mana beliau
telah dipenjarakan. Kerana mahu untuk mengekalkan kesihatan yang baik fizikal
dan mental dalam penjara, beliau mengamalkan karate, seorang diri pada mulanya,
kemudian dengan mengajar kepada kakitangan penjara dan banduan-banduan lain.
Menjadi seorang pegawai
dalam Tentera Korea yang baru selepas tamat perang, beliau terus mengajar seni
mempertahankan diri kepada tenteranya serta tentera Amerika yang berkhidmat di
Korea.
Kepercayaannya dan
menyokong wawasannya pendekatan yang berbeza untuk mengajar seni mempertahankan
diri yang diketuai Ketua Choi untuk menggabungkan unsur-unsur Taek Kyon dan
teknik Karate untuk membangunkan seni bela diri moden. Beliau menamakannya
sebagai Tae Kwon Do, yang bermaksud "jalan kaki dan tangan", dan nama
ini telah diterima pakai secara rasmi pada tanggal 11 April, 1955.
Pada tahun 1959, Choi
telah dinamakan Presiden Korea Taekwon-Do Persatuan. Tujuh tahun kemudian, pada
22 Mac 1966, beliau menciptakan International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF).
Sebagai Pengasas Taekwon-Do dan Presiden ITF, dia mempunyai keupayaan untuk
berkongsi seninya dengan pelajar-pelajar di mana-mana. Hari ini, Taekwon-Do
latihan boleh didapati di seluruh dunia.
Selepas kehidupan yang
khusus untuk pembangunan Taekwon-Do, seni bela diri moden berdasarkan kepada
nilai-nilai tradisional, falsafah, dan latihan, Choi, Pengasas Taekwon-Do dan
Presiden International Taekwon-Do Federation, meninggal dunia akibat kanser pada
15 Jun , 2002, di negara kelahirannya.
Penghormatan kepada
Choi
Choi Hong Hi
Bapa Taekwon-Do
Lahir tahun 1918, Kilju
Meninggal dunia tahun
2002, Pyongyang
Choi Hong Hi, Pengasas
dan Presiden International Taekwon-Do Federation meninggal dunia pada 15 Jun,
2002, di Pyongyang, Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea.
Pada 11 April 1955,
satu papan khas tuan-tuan, sejarah, dan ahli-ahli yang penting di dalam
masyarakat Korea mengadakan mesyuarat. Tujuan mereka adalah untuk menyelaras
pelbagai "kwans" (sekolah) dan pilih nama untuk gaya seni
mempertahankan diri Korea yang baru terancang. Setelah meninjau beberapa nama
yang berbeza untuk gaya baru, mereka memilih nama yang dikemukakan oleh Ketua
Choi Hong Hi. Nama itu adalah "Tae Kwon Do".
Choi diiktiraf di seluruh
dunia sebagai Bapa Taekwon-Do dan Pengasas International Taekwon-Do Federation
(ITF) dan dia mencipta sistem ITF yang kita tahu hari ini
PATTERN
Patterns,
or teul (틀) in Korean, originally called hyeong (형), form an important
aspect of training in Taekwon-Do. They are equivalent to the kata in karate.
The majority of the patterns (except Yul-Gok, Ul-Ji and Tong-Il) start with a
defensive move, which emphasizes taekwon-do's defensive nature. All of the
patterns start and end at the same location. This ensures that the
practitioners' stances are the correct length, width, and in the proper
direction.[citation needed]
There
are 24 patterns in the official ITF syllabus; this is symbolic of the 24 hours
in a day. One additional pattern, Ko-Dang (or Go-Dang), was retired/replaced by
Juche in 1986 by General Choi Hong Hi.[5][6] Ko-Dang
and Juche are similar, and some Taekwon-do organisations have renamed Juche to
Ko-Dang[7] furthering
confusion as to if a pattern referred to as "Ko-Dang" is the original
39 movement or the newer 45 movement pattern. The names of these patterns
typically refer either to events in Korean history or to important people in
Korean history. Elements of the patterns may also be historical references,
such as the number of moves, the diagram, the way the pattern ends, and so on.
Patterns
(teul) are performed in accordance with "The Encyclopedia of
Taekwon-Do" in 15 volumes written by General Choi Hong Hi, the latest
edition being from 1999 (later editions have been published, but the 1999
editions were the last General Choi Hong Hi was directly involved with). This
comprehensive work contains 15 volumes with volumes 8 through 15 dedicated to
the 24 patterns and containing descriptions of the pattern movements as well as
pictures showing possible applications of some of the movements. There is also
the book entitled "The Korean Art of Self Defense" (the 1999 edition,
the latest used by ITF under Grandmaster Tran Trieu Quan and ITF under Grandmaster Choi, or the
2004 edition, the latest used by ITF under Chang Ung), also known as the
Condensed Encyclopedia, written by General Choi Hong Hi. This is a single
condensed encyclopedia of approximately 770 pages with a section dedicated to
the 24 patterns.
There
are also three fundamental exercises, named Saju-Jirugi (Four
Direction Punch), Saju-Makgi (Four Direction Block) and Saju
Tulgi (Four Direction Thrust).Saju-Jirugi and Saju-Makgi are
basic defence exercises taught to beginners of the martial art. Saju
Tulgi is less well known and is generally taught to 2nd Kup students
just prior to Hwa-Rang. Saju Tulgi is not presented in the
Condensed Encyclopedia but is present in the 15 Volume Encyclopedia (see:
Volume 10, page 122).[8]
The
24 Patterns in Taekwon-Do ITF are:
PATTERN
Corak, atau teul (틀) di Korea, asalnya
dipanggil hyeong (형), merupakan aspek penting dalam latihan
Taekwon-Do. Mereka adalah sama dengan kata dalam karate. Majoriti corak
(kecuali Yul-Gok, Ul-Ji dan Tong-Il) bermula dengan satu langkah pertahanan,
yang menekankan sifat pertahanan Taekwon-do ini. Semua corak bermula dan
berakhir di lokasi yang sama. Ini memastikan bahawa pendirian pengamal 'adalah
betul panjang, lebar, dan dalam arah yang benar. [Rujukan?]
Terdapat 24 corak dalam sukatan pelajaran ITF rasmi; ini adalah
simbolik kepada 24 jam dalam sehari. Satu corak tambahan, Ko-Dang (atau
Go-Dang), telah bersara / digantikan oleh Juche pada tahun 1986 oleh Jeneral
Choi Hong Hi. [5] [6] Ko-Dang dan Juche adalah sama, dan beberapa organisasi
Taekwon-do telah dinamakan semula Juche kepada Ko-Dang [7] melanjutkan
kekeliruan jika corak dirujuk sebagai "Ko-Dang" adalah 39 pergerakan
asal atau yang lebih baru 45 pergerakan corak. Nama-nama pola-pola ini lazimnya
merujuk sama ada kepada peristiwa-peristiwa dalam sejarah Korea atau kepada
orang-orang penting dalam sejarah Korea. Unsur-unsur corak juga boleh menjadi
rujukan sejarah, seperti bilangan bergerak, rajah, cara pola berakhir, dan
sebagainya.
Corak (teul) dilaksanakan mengikut "The Encyclopedia of
Taekwon-Do" dalam 15 jilid ditulis oleh General Choi Hong Hi, edisi
terbaru dari tahun 1999 (kemudian edisi telah diterbitkan, tetapi 1999 edisi
adalah yang terakhir Choi Hong Hi telah terlibat secara langsung dengan). Ini
kerja yang komprehensif mengandungi 15 jilid dengan jilid 8 melalui 15 khusus
untuk 24 corak dan mengandungi perihalan pergerakan corak dan juga gambar yang
menunjukkan aplikasi mungkin beberapa pergerakan. Terdapat juga buku yang
bertajuk "The Art Korea Pertahanan sendiri" (edisi 1999, terkini yang
digunakan oleh ITF di bawah Grandmaster Tran Trieu Quan dan ITF di bawah
Grandmaster Choi, atau edisi 2004, terkini yang digunakan oleh ITF di bawah
Chang Ung), juga dikenali sebagai Ensiklopedia Pekat, ditulis oleh General Choi
Hong Hi. Ini adalah sebuah ensiklopedia pekat tunggal kira-kira 770 muka surat
dengan seksyen khusus untuk 24 corak.
Terdapat juga tiga latihan asas, bernama Saju-Jirugi (Empat Arah
Punch), Saju-Makgi (Empat Sekat Arah) dan Saju Tulgi (Arah Empat Teras)
.Saju-Jirugi dan Saju-Makgi adalah latihan pertahanan asas diajar untuk pemula
daripada seni mempertahankan diri. Saju Tulgi adalah kurang dikenali dan
biasanya diajar kepada pelajar Kup 2 hanya sebelum Hwa-Rang. Saju Tulgi tidak dibentangkan
dalam Ensiklopedia Ringkas tetapi hadir dalam Encyclopedia 15 Jilid (lihat:
Jilid 10, halaman 122). [8]
1.
Chon-Ji (19 Movements)
9th kup
2.
Dan-Gun (21 Movements)
8th kup
3.
Do-San (24 Movements)
7th kup
4.
Won-Hyo (28 Movements)
6th kup
5.
Yul-Gok (38 Movements)
5th kup
6.
Joong-Gun (32
Movements) 4th kup
7.
Toi-Gye (37 Movements)
3rd kup
8.
Hwa-Rang (29 Movements)
2nd kup
9.
Choong-Moo (30
Movements) 1st kup
10. Kwang Gae (39 Movements) 1st dan
11. Po-Eun (36 Movements) 1st dan
12. Ge-Baek (44 Movements) 1st dan
13. Eui-Am (45 Movements) 2nd dan
14. Choong-Jang (52 Movements) 2nd dan
15. Juche (45 Movements)/Ko-Dang (39 Movements) 2nd
dan
16. Sam-Il (33 Movements) 3rd dan
17. Yoo-Sin (68 Movements) 3rd dan
18. Choi-Yong (46 Movements) 3rd dan
19. Yon-Gae (49 Movements) 4th dan
20. Ul-Ji (42 Movements) 4th dan
21. Moon-Moo (61 Movements) 4th dan
22. So-San (72 Movements) 5th dan
23. Se-Jong (24 Movements) 5th dan
24. Tong-Il (56 Movements) 6th dan
The
1 Retired Pattern in Taekwon-Do ITF is:
1.
Juche (45 Movements)
SPARRING
The
International Taekwon-Do Federation's sparring rules are similar to the WTF's
rules, but differ in several aspects.
·
The scoring system is:
·
1 Point for: Punch to
the body or head.
·
2 Points for: Kick to
the body.
·
3 Points for: Any kick
to the head.
·
The competition area is
typically a 10x10 meter square in international championships. Circular rings
are also used, although generally not under competitive circumstances.
Competitors
do not wear the hogu (although they are required to wear
approved foot and hand protection equipment, as well as optional head guards).
This scoring system varies between individual organisations within the ITF- for
example, in the TAGB, punches to the head or body score 1, kicks to the body
score 2 and kicks to the head score 3
Fouls in ITF sparring include heavy contact, attacking a fallen opponent, leg sweeping, holding/grabbing, intentional attack to a target other than allowed (for example below the belt, attacks to the back).[10]A continuous point system is utilized in ITF competition, where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring a technique. Full-force blows are not allowed, and knockouts result in a disqualification of the attacker; although these rules vary between ITF organizations. At the end of two minutes (or some other specified time) the competitor with more scoring techniques wins.
ITF
competitions also feature performances of patterns, breaking, and
'special techniques' (where competitors perform prescribed board breaks at
great heights).
ITF
competition sparring rounds are 2 minutes and in national and international
levels of competition they hold two rounds each 2 minutes with a one minute rest
in between. Certain rules are no strikes below the belt, no elbow strikes,
brawling, no falling down, no going outside of the ring, hit to the groin and
knee strike are not allowed. The ring is a 9 metre by 9 metre (8 x 8 metre
optional) ring marked by square mats or tape instead of a traditional style
kickboxing rings with ropes. It has no sides allowing the fighter to move out
of bounds. Whenever a fighter creates an infraction of the rules the centre
referee will issue a warning to the fighter who created the infraction. 3
warnings equals a minus point. If a fighter uses excessive contact, he or she
will be given a foul, which is an automatic minus point ; three fouls in a
bout results in disqualification. ITF taekwon-do is fought in continuous point
sparring. Four judges score the fights in each of the corners in the square
ring. After the fight, a judge votes for which ever fighter has the most points
and a winner is declared. In the case of a draw the fighters go to a one minute
overtime round. If there is another draw the fighters go to a sudden death
round where the fighter who scores first is declared the winner.
TRANSLATE MALAY
SPARRING
Peraturan
perdebatan The International Taekwon-Do Federation ini adalah sama dengan
kaedah-kaedah yang WTF, tetapi berbeza dalam beberapa aspek.
Tangan
dan kaki serangan ke kepala dibenarkan. [9]
Sistem
pemarkahan adalah:
1
Point untuk: Punch kepada badan atau kepala.
2
Tempat untuk: Kick kepada badan.
3
Mata untuk: Mana-mana tendangan ke kepala.
Kawasan
pertandingan adalah biasanya persegi 10x10 meter di kejohanan antarabangsa.
Cincin Pekeliling juga digunakan, walaupun secara amnya tidak dalam keadaan yang
kompetitif.
Pesaing
tidak memakai hogu (walaupun mereka dikehendaki memakai kaki diluluskan dan
peralatan perlindungan tangan, serta pengawal kepala pilihan). Sistem
pemarkahan berbeza-beza antara individu organisasi dalam ITF- sebagai contoh,
dalam TAGB, tumbukan ke kepala atau badan menjaringkan 1, tendangan kepada
badan menjaringkan 2 dan tendangan ke kepala menjaringkan 3
Faul
dalam perdebatan ITF termasuk kenalan berat, menyerang lawan yang jatuh, kaki
menyapu, memegang / menarik, serangan yang disengajakan kepada sasaran lain
daripada yang dibenarkan (sebagai contoh di bawah tali pinggang, serangan ke
belakang). [10] Satu sistem mata berterusan digunakan dalam pertandingan ITF,
di mana pejuang dibenarkan untuk terus selepas menjaringkan teknik yang.
Pukulan sepenuh tenaga tidak dibenarkan, dan menyebabkan KO dalam kehilangan
kelayakan penyerang; walaupun peraturan-peraturan ini berbeza-beza antara
organisasi ITF. Pada akhir dua minit (atau masa yang ditentukan lain) pesaing
dengan teknik pemarkahan lebih kemenangan.
Pertandingan
ITF juga menampilkan persembahan corak, berbuka, dan 'teknik khas' (di mana
pesaing prabentuk ditetapkan rehat papan di tahap yang besar).
Persaingan
ITF pusingan perdebatan adalah 2 minit dan di peringkat kebangsaan dan
antarabangsa persaingan mereka memegang dua pusingan setiap 2 minit dengan
rehat satu minit di antara. Peraturan tertentu adalah tidak mogok di bawah tali
pinggang, tiada mogok siku, pertengkaran, tidak jatuh ke bawah, tidak akan di
luar gelanggang, melanda kepada pangkal paha dan lutut mogok tidak dibenarkan.
Cincin itu adalah 9 meter oleh 9 meter (8 x 8 meter pilihan) cincin ditandai
dengan tikar persegi atau pita bukan tradisional cincin gaya kickboxing dengan
tali. Ia tidak membenarkan pihak pejuang untuk bergerak di luar batas. Setiap
kali seorang pejuang mewujudkan pelanggaran peraturan pengadil pusat yang akan
memberikan amaran kepada pejuang yang menciptakan pelanggaran. 3 amaran sama
titik tolak. Jika pejuang yang menggunakan kenalan yang berlebihan, dia akan
diberikan busuk, yang merupakan titik tolak automatik; tiga faul dalam
keputusan pertarungan pembatalan penyertaan. ITF Taekwon-Do sedang berjuang di
titik perdebatan berterusan. Empat hakim menjaringkan pergaduhan di setiap
sudut di gelanggang dataran. Selepas perjuangan, hakim mengundi yang mana
pejuang yang pernah mempunyai mata yang paling dan pemenang diisytiharkan.
Dalam hal suatu lukis pejuang pergi ke satu minit pusingan kerja lebih masa.
Jika terdapat satu lagi menarik pejuang pergi ke pusingan kematian mengejut di
mana pejuang yang markah pertama diisytiharkan pemenang.
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